Anne of Bohemia (c. 1366 - 1394), was a queen adorned not only with royal dignity but with the radiance of a soul devoted to God's truth. Raised under the influence of faithful servants and exposed to teachings of reform, she embraced the light of sacred Scripture with a fervent heart. Her life attested to holding the wisdom of Christ dearer than the fleeting treasures of royal power. Anne became a quiet yet powerful defender of John Wycliffe, whose teachings sought to unshackle the Word of God from the chains of ignorance. She stood firm in her support of his efforts to bring the Scriptures into the common tongue, that the light of the gospel might shine in every heart. Her steadfastness in the cause of reform was marked by humility and courage, for she saw in Wycliffe's work the hand of God moving to cleanse His church of its growing corruptions. God was pleased to use her in a mighty way. Her faithfulness in turn led to Wycliffe’s reforming work impacting Bohemia in a providential and powerful way. It would be through these means that another key forerunner of the Reformation, John Huss, would be raised up. Anne’s life was a testament to the gospel. She strategically advocated access to the sacred Scriptures and defended the restoration and teaching of its purity for the glory of God and the good of souls.

As the eldest daughter of Emperor Charles IV, Anne of Bohemia (c. 1366 - 1394) hailed from a lineage of considerable influence. Her brother, King Wenceslaus, reigned as both King of Bohemia and Emperor of Germany. On her maternal side, she descended from noble blood, her mother being the daughter of Beleslaus, Duke of Pomerania, and granddaughter of Casimir the Great, King of Poland. This noble heritage uniquely positioned Anne for impact.

From her earliest days, Anne was nurtured in the truths of sacred Scripture by those servants who, having been touched by the reforms of Peter Waldo, had drunk deeply from the wells of the gospel. One church historian described the situation this way:

The princess, whose pious exercises and study of the scriptures have been commemorated by preachers and historians, had been first affected by the reforming movement in her own land. She brought with her to England versions of the Gospels in the German and Bohemian tongues as well as in Latin. These were then precious treasures to one of her piety and love for the pure word of God; but they also show us, though indirectly, the progress which the new doctrines were making in Germany at that early period.*

The young Anne, endowed with a keen mind and an inquisitive spirit, thirsted for the knowledge of the sacred Scripture, diligently seeking after the revelation contained within its pages. With humility and fervor, she probed the weighty doctrines set before her, yearning not merely for learning but for the soul’s embrace of divine truth. The Lord, in His grace, blessed her search, illuminating her heart with understanding. Yet, beyond mere knowledge, her heart was enraptured with a fervent love for the Author of these blessed Scriptures, whom she loved with a pure and sincere devotion. Beyond these most noble details little is known of her early years. What is clearly preserved through the indelible impressions left upon all who knew her is that the Lord used these influences in her early years to blossom her into a virtuous woman. She became known as a woman who sought to emulate the wisdom and grace of her Lord in her daily walk.

Providence Conspires Personal Love and Political Leverage

When King Richard II of England was but thirteen years of age, he heard of Anne of Bohemia and judged that she would make a fitting wife. In the providence of God, the matter was arranged, and in January of the year 1382, when both were but fifteen, Anne and Richard were joined in marriage at St. Stephen’s Chapel in Westminster. On the surface, their union was a strategic alliance crafted in the minds of men for political advantage. On a much deeper level, God would bring about substantial reform on an international level through the beauty of love in sacred matrimony. Though Anne had not known Richard personally, her heart was drawn to England, for she had heard that the writings of John Wycliffe had stirred a revival there. This glad news, that the truth of God’s Word was finding root in that land, strengthened her resolve to enter this union, trusting in God’s purposes. Later providence would anoint her marriage with a genuine mutual affection.

Her Lord and Life

When Anne journeyed to enter her new life in England, she brought with her companions and servants who were true believers, desiring to dwell among those who cherished sacred Scripture. More than bringing those who cherished the Bible, she brought the Bible itself, translated into Bohemian—the fruit of Waldensian reform.

Anne’s devotion was reflected not only in her reverence for Scripture but in her personal conduct. Anne herself became a symbol of godly reform, gently promoting religious education and godliness at the English court. Contemporary accounts portray her as a queen of humility, marked by kindness and compassion, living out her faith with quiet dignity. Still, she was known for her intelligence and piety, impacting royal politics and cultural exchanges between Bohemia and England. She introduced the concept of chivalry which transformed the English court and influenced the literature of the time, including the writings of Geoffrey Chaucer.

Her gentle and kind spirit won the hearts of the English people, for she sought not her own glory but the well-being of others. With a heart full of compassion, like her Lord, she ministered to the poor, orphans, and widows. It is said that daily she provided for six thousand souls at the royal table, most of whom were poor, mindful of how the Lord fed the multitudes with His own hands. In this, she imitated her Savior, and the people loved her for her goodness, calling her “good Queen Anne.” King Richard too rejoiced in her kindness and loved her dearly.

The Word and Wycliffe

Amidst her royal duties, Anne continued to delight in the Scriptures, treasuring the gospels in Bohemian, English, and Latin—a rare gift in those days when even a single page of Scripture was precious. She was bold in her love for God’s Word, speaking openly of it, even to Arundel, the Archbishop of York. When she shared her joy in reading the Bible, the archbishop, like many in the Roman Church of that day, was troubled, for he did not desire that the people should read the Scriptures. Yet, he could say nothing against the queen, for she reigned in England and, by God's providence, was free to love and read the holy Word.

John Wycliffe, the renowned Oxford professor, was greatly heartened to hear that Queen Anne loved the Scriptures. Because of her eagerness to hear His Word, Wycliffe likened her to Mary who sat at the feet of Christ. His spirit was lifted, knowing that she read an English translation of the gospels, a rare treasure in those days. With her heart inclined to God’s truth, Anne gave her protection to Wycliffe when he was beset by many enemies. Often, she would approach her husband, King Richard, with gentle pleas on Wycliffe’s behalf. In her devotion, she would read to him from the sacred Scriptures, reminding him of the words of Christ in Matthew 23:34-35, warning against the shedding of righteous blood. Moved by the faithful counsel of his queen, Richard feared to be counted among those who persecuted God’s prophets. God was pleased to protect and bless Wycliffe’s ministry through this faithful queen. One account of this remarkable providence notes that, as a result of Anne, Wycliffe’s influence was initially more instrumental in Bohemia than in England:

In England his influence was fleeting; in Bohemia it was deep and abiding. In England his followers were speedily suppressed by law; in Bohemia they became a great national force.*

Though the Lord took Wycliffe from this life but three years after Anne’s arrival in England, the queen’s intercession and love for the Word of God brought great encouragement to the faithful reformer in his final years.

Legacy of Love and Loyalty

In the spring of 1394, Queen Anne, beloved of God and man, fell ill with the plague. Her strength swiftly faded, and on the seventh of June she passed from this life at the tender age of twenty-seven. King Richard was overcome with grief, and the people mourned deeply for the loss of their good queen. It is said that, in his sorrow, Richard destroyed Sheen Palace, the place where she breathed her last. He directed that a beautiful tomb to be made for her at Westminster, where her body was laid to rest. Richard, whose life was fraught with trouble, later lost his crown and was imprisoned. Had he but sought refuge in the Savior, he would have found peace for his soul! He died in 1400 and was later buried beside his cherished Anne.

The Lord, in His wisdom, had ordained Queen Anne’s life and death for His divine purposes. After her passing, many of her friends and servants returned to Bohemia, bearing with them the treasured translations of the Gospels and the writings of Wycliffe, which had been so dear to the queen. Just as the faithful queen brought a Bohemian Bible to England, so history tells us of “how Bohemian scholars, a few years later, came to study at Oxford; how there they read the writings of Wycliffe, the ‘Morning Star of the Reformation’; and how, finally, copies of Wycliffe’s books were carried to Bohemia, and there gave rise to a religious revival of world-wide importance.”*

Anne stood as a beacon of devotion, desiring that the light of God’s truth might shine forth even amidst the darkness of her time. At her funeral, Archbishop Arundel said of her, “although she was a stranger [not native to England], yet she constantly studied the four gospels in English, and explained by the exposition of the doctors; and in the study of these, and reading of godly books, she was more diligent than even the prelates themselves, though their office and business require this of them.”

Anne's influence, though often overshadowed by the political turmoil of her husband’s reign, contributed to the spiritual undercurrents that would shape England in the centuries to come. Through her love of God’s Word and her steadfast commitment to faith, she remains a shining example of gospel reform.

Anne of Bohemia left behind a legacy of love and loyalty to God, sacred Scripture, and all people. By God’s grace, the seeds of the Reformation were scattered both in Bohemia and in England, bearing fruit in the generations to come.

(See also the chapter in Women of the Reformation on Anne of Bohemia)